Italian verb conjugation models

Auxiliary verb: essere. Especially used in simple forms and 3rd person

Model for regular verbs of the 1st conjugation (-are)

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io assolsi/assolto). Verbs following this model: risolvere and dissolvere

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io avelsi/avelto)

Auxiliary verb, can be used as non-auxiliary verb as well

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io chiusi/chiuso). Verbs following this model: rinchiudere, socchiudere

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io cinsi/cinto). Verbs following this model: fingere, spingere

Irregular in indicative present, passato remoto and participle (io colgo/io colsi/colto). Verbs following this model: togliere, sciogliere

Verbs ending in -ciare lose the "i" in indicative future and conditional present (io comincerò/io comincerei). Verbs following this model: baciare, fasciare, abbracciare…

Irregular in passato remoto (io concessi). Verbs following this model: succedere e retrocedere

No compound tenses

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io condussi/condotto). Verbs following this model: tradurre, sedurre

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io conobbi/conosciuto). All derivatives follow this model

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io corsi/corso). All derivatives follow this model

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io crebbi/cresciuto). All derivatives follow this model. Auxiliary verb of intransitive form: essere

Irregular indicative and subjunctive presents (io cucio/che io cucia)

Irregular in indicative present, passato remoto and participle (io cuocio/io cossi/cotto). Auxiliary verb of intransitive form: essere

Irregular

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io decisi/deciso). Verbs following this model: coincidere, incidere…

Not used with compound tenses

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io conversi/converso). Auxiliary verb: essere. It is rarely used in compound forms

Irregular

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io diressi/diretto). Verb following this model: erigere

Irregular. Defective verb lacks the past participle and all compound tenses

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io distinsi/distinto). Verbs following this model: its derivatives and verb estinguere

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io distrussi/distrutto)

Irregular. Defective verb lacks the past participle and all compound tenses

Irregular in indicative present, passato remoto and participle (io dolgo/io dolsi/doluto). Auxiliary verb: essere. It is generally used in pronominal form dolersi

Irregular modal verb

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io eccelsi/eccelso). Auxiliary verb: avere or essere

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io emersi/emerso). Auxiliary verb: essere. Verbs following this model: immergere, tergere…

Verb following this model: transigere

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io espansi/espanso)

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io esplosi/esploso). Auxiliary verb: essere. Verbs following this model: derivatives of esplodere and also rodere and its derivatives

Used in several verb tenses only

Model of most regular verbs of the 3rd conjugation (-ire) with group -isc-

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io flettei/flesso). Verbs following this model: derivatives of flettere, connettere, annettere

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io fusi/fuso). Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io frissi/fritto). Verbs following this model: all derivatives of friggere, sconfiggere

Irregular. Defective verb lacks the past participle and all compound tenses

Verbs in –care undergo a spelling change (tu giochi). Verbs following this model: comunicare, stancare, truccare…

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io giunsi/giunto). Auxiliary verb: essere. Verb following this model: sopraggiungere

Irregular in future and conditional (io godrò/io godrei). It has two forms in passato remoto (godei o godetti)

Verbs in –gare undergo a spelling change (tu leghi). Verbs following this model: negare, sfogare

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io lessi/letto). Verbs following this model: reggere, proteggere

This verb undergoes a spelling change (tu lochi)

Used in 3rd person and in several verb tenses

Verbs ending in -giare lose the "i" in indicative future and conditional present (io mangerò/io mangerei). Verbs following this model: appoggiare, forgiare…

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io misi/messo). Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io morsi/morso). Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular in indicative and subjunctive presents and participle (io muoio/che io muoia/morto). Auxiliary verb: essere

Irregular in imperfetto, passato remoto and participle (io muovevo o movevo/io mossi/mosso). Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular verb

Past participle: offerto. Verbs following this model: soffrire, coprire

Irregular. Defective verb lacks the passato remoto and the past participle and all compound tenses

Irregular. Auxiliary verb: essere

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io pendei o pendetti/penduto). Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular in passato remoto (io persi) and has two participle forms (perso/perduto). Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io persuasi/persuaso). Verbs following this model: suadere e dissuadere

Irregular in indicative and subjunctive presents, passato remoto (io piaccio/che io piaccia/io piacqui). Verbs following this model: all derivatives, tacere, giacere and its derivatives. Auxiliary verb: essere

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io piansi/pianto). Verbs following this model: derivatives of piangere, frangere and its derivatives

Irregular. Defective verb lacks the passato remoto and the past participle and all compound tenses

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io porsi/porto). Verbs following this model: sorgere, sporgere

Irregular. Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io presi/preso). Verbs following this model: derivatives of prendere, rendere, tendere...

Past participle: previsto

Irregular. Defective verb lacks the past participle and all compound tenses

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io rasi/raso)

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io redensi/redento)

Derivative of the verb avere with spelling irregularity

Derivative of the verb dare with spelling irregularity

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io risi/riso)

Irregular in indicative and conjugative presents (io riempio/che io riempia)

Irregular in indicative and subjunctive presents, passato remoto, future and participle (io rimango/che io rimanga/io rimasi/rimarrò/rimasto). Verb following this model: permanere

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io risposi/risposto). Verb following this model: corrispondere

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io ruppi/rotto). Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular in indicative and subjunctive presents (io salgo/che io salga). Auxiliary verb for intransitive form: essere. Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular modal verb

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io scesi/sceso). Auxiliary verb of intransitive form: essere

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io scissi/scisso). Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io scrissi/scritto). Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io scossi/scosso). Verbs following this model: percuotere e riscuotere

Usually used in simple forms and 3rd person

Irregular indicative present (io siedo)

Doble participle (seppellito, sepolto)

Irregular modal verb

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io spansi/spanso)

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io sparsi/sparso). Verb following this model: cospargere

Irregular in indicative present, passato remoto and participle (io spengo/io spensi/spento)

Irregular. Auxiliary verb: essere

Irregular. Defective verb lacks the past participle and all compound tenses

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io strinsi/stretto). Verbs following this model: costringere, restringere

Verbs of the 1st conjugation ending in -iare lose the "i" in stem in some persons (tu studi, noi studiamo). Verbs following this model: cambiare, iniziare…

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io svelsi/svelto). Verb following this model: divellere

Irregular. Defective verb lacks the passato remoto and the past participle and all compound tenses

Irregular in indicative present, passato remoto and participle (io tengo/io tenni/terrò). Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io torsi/torto). Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular in indicative and subjunctive presents, passato remoto and participle (io traggo/io trassi/tratto). Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular in indicative and subjunctive presents (io odo/che io oda)

Irregular in indicative and subjunctive presents (io esco/che io esca). Auxiliary verb: essere. Verbs following this model: riuscire, fuoriuscire

Irregular. Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular in passato remoto and future (io vidi/io vedrò), double participle (visto, veduto). Verbs following this model: rivedere, intravedere, all verb derivatives

Model for regular verbs of the 2nd conjugation (-ere)

Irregular. Auxiliary verb: essere. Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular. Defective verb lacks the past participle and all compound tenses

Model for some regular verbs of the 3rd conjugation (-ire)

Used in several verb tenses only

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io vinsi/vinto). Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular in passato remoto, future and participle (io vissi/io vivrò/vissuto). Verbs following this model: all derivatives

Irregular modal verb

Irregular in passato remoto and participle (io volsi/volto). Verbs following this model: all derivatives